1. Series 32. Year

(3 points)1. baloons

How many balloons of volume $V=10 \mathrm{\ell }$ filled with helium of density $\rho _{\scriptscriptstyle \rm He} = 0{,}179 \mathrm{kg\cdot m^{-3}}$ are needed to lift Filip, whose mass is $m_{\scriptscriptstyle \rm F} =80 \mathrm{kg}$, and keep him afloat in air of density $\rho _{v} =1{,}205 \mathrm{kg\cdot m^{-3}}$? How many would be necessary to lift Danka, who weighs $m_{\scriptscriptstyle \rm D} =50 \mathrm{kg}$? Neglect the mass of the empty balloons.

Danka gave Filip a promo balloon to lift his mood.

(3 points)2. fireworks

Jachym was launching fireworks. We can imagine it as a beacon, that is at some point shot straight up with velocity $v$, and explodes after a certain delay. Jachym was standing a distance $x$ from the launch site when he heard the launch of the fireworks. After a delay $t_1$ he saw the explosion and after another delay $t_2$ he heard the explosion. Calculate the velocity $v$.

Jachym can't hide his pyrotechnic affinity.

(7 points)3. unstable

We have 8 point charges (each of magnitude $q$) located on the vertices of a cube. Find out the value of a point charge $q_0$ that needs to be placed in the middle of the cube, so that all charges remain in balance. Is this equilibrium stable?

Matej wanted to pose a problem that even a professor couldn't work out.

(7 points)4. Skyfall

When James Bond let go of agent 006 Alec Treveljan from the top of the Arecibo radiotelescope in the final scene of the film Golden Eye, the falling agent started screaming with a frequency $f$. How does the frequency agent 007 hears at the top of the telescope change as a function of time. Neglect air resistance.

Matej enjoys looking outside

(8 points)5. damned circuit

a) Determine the resistance between points A and B of the infinite grid in the picture. The point A is directly connected to two resistors with resistances $R_a$ and $R_b$. Each of these resistors is connected to two more resistors with $R_a$ and $R_b$ etc.

b) Replace all the resistors with capacitors of capacitances $C_a$ and $C_b$. What is the total capacitance of the circuit?

Yet again, Karel wanted something unendingly infinite.

(10 points)P. terrible cold

Some nebulas constituted of a gas from stars, e. g. Bumerang, have lower temperature than the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), hence are technically colder than space. How is this possible? Try to determine a condition for a gas ejected by a hot star to cool down below the temperature of the CMB.

Karel wasn't satisfied with the claim that the temperature everywhere in space is at least that of the CMB.

(12 points)E. hourly

Measure the length of one day. However, there is a limitation: one continuous measurement can't take longer than one hour. For the sake of statistical accuracy, though, do repeat your measurements multiple times.

(10 points)S. theoretical mechanics

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